31OCTOBER

ON THIS DAY

What happened on October 31?

October 31 connects a defining story of the Reformation with the death of a master illusionist, India’s political trauma and the launch of the first long-duration ISS crew.

4 researched moments · 4 themes · reviewed September 2026

4 moments shown

1517

Martin Luther circulated his Ninety-five Theses

According to longstanding tradition, Martin Luther posted his arguments about indulgences at the church in Wittenberg and also sent them to church authorities.

1926

Harry Houdini died

Hungarian-born illusionist and escape artist Harry Houdini died in Detroit after a career built on spectacular escapes and public challenges.

1984

Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated

Two members of Indira Gandhi’s security detail shot and killed her at her residence in New Delhi.

2000

The first resident International Space Station crew launched

William Shepherd, Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev launched aboard Soyuz TM-31 to begin Expedition 1.

International Space Stationspaceflightinternational cooperation
SourceNASA

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